David Cooper, BSc(Hons), MSc, MPhil, CEng, FRSA, FIET, FCIBSE has over 30 years of experience in the lift and escalator industry. He is the Managing Director of U.K. based consulting engineers LECS (U.K.) Ltd. He holds a Master of Philosophy Research Degree following a five-year investigation into accidents on escalators, a Masters Degree in Lift Engineering and a Bachelor of Science degree, Higher National Certificate and Continuing Education Certificate in lift and escalator engineering. He is a Fellow of the Chartered Institute of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE) and a Past President of the Lifts Group. He is also a Liveryman in the Worshipful Company of Engineers. He has appeared on a number of TV and radio programs with respect to lifts and escalators. He has co-authored a number of books including “The Elevator & Escalator Micropedia” (1997) and was the lead author of CIBSE Guide D (2000, 2005 and 2010 editions). David has been a regular columnist in the U.K. trade journal Elevation since 1994 and has had articles published in other journals including Elevator World, Elevatori, Elevator Kai, Lift Report and Revista del Asenscori. He is also the founder and principal of the Lift Academy which provides educational support for apprentices and trainees in the industry and also a trustee of the Lift & Escalator Industry Charity which supports families with financial assistance in the event of an industry member being injured at work. He has been a member of the British Standards Institute committee for lifts and escalators (MHE/4) since 1990. --publisher