This volume celebrates ten years of achievement of the colloquia História e Arqueologia da América Indígenaʺ promoted by the Centro de Estudos Mesoamericanos e Andinos da Universidade de São Paulo (CEMA-USP) between 2002 and 2012. In the seven editions of this event, Brazilian and foreign scholars of History and Archaeology of Mesoamerica and the Andes, in a dialogue with scholars of the Terras Baixas da América do Sulʺ (South American lowlands) were present to expose or debate their research and ideas. A very relevant sample of these studios or debates comprise this book. " (HKB Translation) -- Page [13].