The movement of electrons, protons, and other ions across and through membranes is crucially important in many fields including energy transduction, cell biology, and cell signalling. This book brings together the key methods and approaches of modern bioenergetics, to assist the researcher to probe and understand these phenomena. Topics covered include: measurement of oxygen, proton, and phosphate fluxes and stoichiometries; membrane permeability and transport; reconstitution of bioenergetic proteins and use of proteoliposomes; protonmotive force; redox states and potentials; control and regulation; patch clamping; studies of cellular energetics using [superscript 31]P-NMR; isolation and characterization of photosynthetic reaction centres in eukaryotes. Bioenergetics: A Practical Approach will be invaluable to established researchers as well as those who need to use these techniques for the first time. It is a comprehensive practical manual providing not only up-to-date laboratory protocols, but also many hints and tips for success, troubleshooting comments, and the essential theory behind important experimental approaches.