This book presents an overview of recent theoretical and experimental advances in the field of optical solitons, ranging from the mathematical foundations of integrability theory to the rapidly evolving technology of fiber soliton-based telecommunication systems. The subjects covered in the book can be broadly grouped into four main categories: optical soliton theory, fiber soliton telecommunications, optical soliton generation methods, and all-optical information processing via spatial solitons. This book should provide an interesting reference both for postgraduate students starting their research in the field, and researchers actively involved in nonlinear optics and optical communications.