The present volume contains the proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium of the Leuven Centre for the Study of the Gospels which was dedicated to various aspects of Luke's writings that all have to do with his knowledge of the world he is describing in his work. The symposium studied a number of topics relating to the social world of earliest Christianity. Contributors had been asked to address, if relevant, (1) the history of research for the theme that had been assigned to them, (2) recent developments in assessing the relationship between Gospel and Acts and the dating of both works, and (3) the implications that can be drawn from studying the evidence of Luke-Acts for reconstructing the life-world of the first Christian communities.