Sponsored by the Social Science Research Council; study covered mainly Victoria, N.S.W., and Queensland; population living on settlements, settled areas - Tasmania (removal to Flinders Island & Oyster Bay); Victoria - brief history of early settlements, Lake Tyers, population, living conditions, community services, employment, households and families; N.S.W - origins, population, individual characteristics of stations at Woodenbong, Tabulam, Cabbage Tree Island, Burnt Bridge, Purfleet, Roseby Park, Wreck Bay, Wallaga Lake, Boggabilla, Moree, Walgett, Brewarrina, Cowra, Murrin Bridge, population; Queensland - history, conditions at Cherbourg, Woorabinda, Palm Island, Yarrabah, Aurukun, Doomadgee, Weipa, Cape York Settlement, resettlement; note on Mapoon and Lockhart River, changes in administrative policy since 1930s, making settlements into open communities; Appendix I, II & III - brief histories of missions & settlements in Western Australia, South Australia & Northern Territory; Appendix IV, hostels in north Queensland towns; Appendix V, design of settlements.