The first presentation of the novel interdisciplinary optical remote sensing technique for various ionized diluted media, based on the collisional polarization of the spectoral emission. The aim of the book is to provide a methadology of the impact spectropolarimetic sensing of many solution of many practical diagnostic problems. The book consists of substantial theoretical parts, representing the quantum mechanical theory of the collisional polarization of atomic particles, description of the original impact polarization effects in ionized media, methodology and practical techniques of observation for a very illustrative astriphysical example of solar flares, results of spectopolarimetric sensing, based on the ground based observational data and estimates of the energy transport by fast particles to the upper chromosphere of the sun.