This book deals in detail with various factors leading to the genesis of salt-affected soils and the geographical distribution through different continents. Various systems of classifications as followed in literature have been dealt with in detail. Emphasis has been given to anthropogenic factors in the development of soil salinity particularly in the developing countries where human pressure is more obvious due to various reasons. Due emphasis has been given for maintaining salt balance, removing of salts by leaching through flooding, drainage or adopting judicious means of irrigation and applying suitable amendments. Saline agriculture using brackish water is gaining global importance especially in arid areas and along coasts. Criteria for judging the suitability of groundwaters to exploit those for augmenting irrigation potential of the area has been dealt with in detail together with the possibilities of using sewage and industrial effluents for increasing biological production. This book will be useful to students of Soil Science, Agronomy, Plant Physiology, Environmental Scientists, Planners and Technologists in developed and developing countries.