Modern financial markets offer the real world's best approximation to the idealized price auction marker envisioned in economic theory. Nevertheless, as the increasingly exquisite and detailed financial data demonstrate, financial markets often fail to behave as they should if trading were truly dominated by the fully rational investors that populate financial theories. These market anomalies have spawned a new approach to finance, one which as editor Richard Thaler puts it, "entertains the possibility that some of the agents in the economy behave less than fully rationally some of the time." Advances in Behavioral Finance collects together twenty-one percent articles that illustrate the power of this approach. More than just an assembly of exceptions to mainline theory, these papers illustrate how specific departures from fully rational decision making by individual market agents can provide explanations of otherwise puzzling market phenomena. To take several examples, Werner De Bondt and Thaler find an explanation for superior price performance of firms with poor recent earnings histories in the tendencies of investors to overreact to recent information. Richard Roll traces the negative effects of corporate takeovers on the stock prices of the acquiring firms to the overconfidence of managers, who fail to recognize the contributions of chance to their past successes. Andrei Shleifer and Robert Vishny show how the difficulty of establishing a reliable reputation for correctly assessing the value of long term capital projects can lead investment analysts, and hence corporate managers, to focus myopically on short term returns. The analyses in this wide-ranging collection demonstrate the growing success of behavioral approaches to understanding the behavior of financial markets. As a testing ground for assessing the empirical accuracy of behavioral theories, these successful studies of the stock market reach beyond the world of finance to suggest, very powerfully, the importance of pursuing behavioral approaches to other areas of economic life. Advances in Behavioral Finance is a solid beachhead for behavioral work in the financial arena and a clear promise of wider application for behavioral economics in the future.