The chapters in this volume are based on a scientific workshop on the "Applications and Theory of Random Sets". They address theoretical and applied aspects of this field in diverse areas of applications such as Image Modeling and Analysis, Information/Data Fusion, and Theoretical Statistics and Expert Systems. Emphasis is given to potential applications in engineering problems of practical interest. This volume is of interest to mathematicians, engineers and scientists who are interested in the potential application of random set theory to practical problems in imaging, information fusion, and expert systems.