Although still in its early days, the revascularization of damaged cardiac tissue following acute myocardial infarction with transplanted cells is currently being transformed from a research concept to a clinical tool. Moreover, research work continues for the treatment of heart failure and cardiomyopathies. Various cell types and genes are transplanted to help improve left ventricular function. The editors of this volume have assembled a top-rated team of international researchers and clinicians to offer their experience in transplanting cells to damaged hearts with the goal of providing safe, beneficial repair of damaged myocardium and enhancing angiogenesis in ischemic myocardium.