The religious association of Jehovah's Witnesses has existed for about 150 years in Europe. How Jehovah's Witnesses found their way in these countries has depended upon the way this missionary association was treated by the majority of the non-Witness population, the government and established churches. In this respect, the history of Jehovah's Witnesses in Europe is also a history of the social constitution of these countries and their willingness to accept and integrate religious minorities. Jehovah's Witnesses faced suppression and persecution not only in dictatorships, but also in some democratic states. In other countries, however, they developed in relative freedom. How the different situations in the various national societies affected the religious association and what challenges Jehovah's Witnesses had to overcome- and still do in part even until our day- is the theme of this history volume.