This new political encyclopedia of the Middle East provides an up-to-date source of knowledge on one of the most crucial regions of world affairs. The 560 entries encompass all the Arab states, from North Africa to the Gulf, as well as non-Arab states, such as Turkey, Iran, and Israel. The encyclopedia adopts a unique approach, addressing key issues in contemporary Middle East politics through substantive entries that constitute short essays. Thus, in addition to entries on each state in the region (reviewing land, people, culture, and history), the encyclopedia addresses major issues, such as: Islamic Fundamentalism, Water Politics, The Arab-Israeli Peace Process, Military Forces, Oil, Non-Conventional Weapons, Women, and Terrorism. In addition, the encyclopedia also includes short entries on leading political figures, parties, and movements, with cross-references between them and the substantive essay-entries. It is particularly designed to meet the needs of users on various levels of interest and expertise, from academics, journalists, and business people to students and beginners in the field.