A new approach to industrial development is needed in Africa because past policies have not been sustainable. Rapid growth from import substitution in the 1960s has given way to decline and capacity underutilization in the 1980s. The extracts in this collection have been taken from a wide range of analytical studies and express a variety of viewpoints on industrial development and adjustment in sub-Saharan Africa. The readings are grouped into three parts. Part 1, "Issues and Experience, " analyzes the experience and underlying strategic issues to provide a context for the following analyses. Part II, "Policy Adjustment, " discusses the need for new industrial strategies and appropriate incentives and describes the experience of several countries in adjusting their policies. Part III, "Institutional Issues, " discusses the institutional changes that are necessary for an adequate response to policy reforms and the constraints that can dampen these desired policy responses and inhibit long-term development. Other topics covered include the business environment, small-scale entrepreneurs, financial intermediation, technology, and public sector management.