In recent years, challenges to what gets read, taught, and learned in schools have increased. With the aim of protecting the academic freedom of individuals and groups across political and religious spectrums, the authors, along with noted authorities in education, consider how schools respond to these challenges. The authors include a case study of a school district embroiled in a dispute about the progressive philosophy and practices at an elementary school. They also examine the legal and pedagogical implications that accrue, and offer educators strategies for addressing challenges and censorship issues that may arise in their districts and classrooms.