In The Hidden Army, Tetsuo Maeda traces the evolution of Japan's post-World War II military - from the vestigial minesweeping fleet that remained after WWII demilitarization to a full-fledged army, navy, and air force sustained by the world's second-largest defense budget. Keeping an eye on the conflict between the pacifism of Japan's antiwar constitution and the country's substantial armed forces, the author describes how General Douglas MacArthur ordered the re-creation of the Japanese military during the Korean War, how the military expanded throughout the high-growth decades of the 1960s and 1970s, and how it came into greater international presence when the 1973 Arab oil embargo slowed economic growth, leading the Japanese military into an intimate involvement in United States Pacific strategy. He also examines how the Japanese military posture is changing in the post-Soviet era and the possible new roles and directions for the world's third-ranking military.