Gender and Memory is the fourth volume of the International Yearbook of Oral History and Life Stories. Once again, its theme is a fundamental issue, the shaping of memory by gender. Are the different ways in which men and women are recalled in public and private memory, and also the differences in men's and women's own memories of similar experiences, simply reflections of unequal lives in gendered societies, or are they more deeply rooted? How early in childhood do girls and boys reveal differences in memory? How far does the character of memory change as gender roles evolve? The Special Editors of Gender and Memory, Selma Leydesdorff, Luisa Passerini, and Paul Thompson, draw on original contributions reflecting on the relationships between gender and memory in western and eastern Europe, China, Africa, Australia, the United States and Brazil.