English summary: Towards a Biblical Theology - this is how the fifty years of theological research of the New Testament scholar Peter Stuhlmacher could be summarized. Although once a student of Ernst Käsemann, he developed a position that is quite different from Rudolf Bultmann's, who was very influential in German theology in the 20th century. Stuhlmacher not only had a great impact on many pastors of the Protestant church within Germany, but also captured the attention of many across the globe and from various denominations. This monograph gives an extensive introduction into the lifework of Peter Stuhlmacher. Due to his research focus, fundamental questions of New Testament theology are examined: the meaning of the Old Testament for New Testament exegesis, Biblical hermeneutics, the interpretation of Jesus' death in the New Testament and the question of the historicity of the messianic claims of Jesus. Stuhlmacher's traditio-historical Biblical theology of the New Testament is illuminated critically, and the fundamental question is discussed: How can a unifying strand be identified from the diverse New Testament theologies?