The Ottoman Empire was one of the major empires of modern times, covering an area extending from the borderlands of Hungary to the North African coastal areas. This book provides a richly detailed account of its social and economic history, from its origins around 1300 to the eve of its destruction during World War I. In the four chronological sections, each by a leading authority, developments in population, trade, transport, manufacturing, land tenure and the economy are charted and analysed; an appendix examines Ottoman monetary history over the entire period. The breadth of its range and the fullness of its coverage make this an essential book for understanding contemporary developments in both the Middle East and the post-Soviet Balkan world.