"In the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the region of Liangshan in southwest China was plagued by violence. Indigenous Nuosu peoples clashed with Han migrant communities, the Qing and Republican states, and local warlords. Large numbers of Nuosu and Han were kidnapped and killed in conflicts over property and captive-taking raids mounted by Nuosu clans and local state authorities alike. The first English-language history of Liangshan, "A Frontier Made Lawless" challenges the view that the persistent turmoil was the result of population pressures, opium production, and the growth of local paramilitary groups. Instead, Joseph Lawson argues that the conflict resulted from the lack of a common framework for dealing with disputes over land tenure. This was in turn compounded by the repeated destabilization of the region, which was an unintended consequence of violence elsewhere in China. Drawing on a range of sources including court records, locals' memoirs, regional government records and surveys, and Nuosu epic poetry, Lawson adds new insights and comparative perspectives to the study of conflict in Liangshan."--