In *Les maladies ont-elles un sens?*, medical historian and physician Robert Aronowitz explores the complex relationship between disease, meaning, and medical practice. Drawing on historical case studies and contemporary debates, the book interrogates whether illnesses carry inherent meanings or if such interpretations are shaped by cultural, social, and scientific contexts. Aronowitz examines how diagnostic categories evolve, how patients and doctors assign significance to symptoms, and how broader societal narratives influence our understanding of health and disease. The work bridges history, philosophy, and clinical medicine, offering a nuanced critique of biomedical assumptions while advocating for a more reflective and humanistic approach to medical knowledge. Originally published in French, this edition presents Aronowitz’s insights to a Francophone audience, contributing to ongoing discussions about the epistemology of medicine and the role of interpretation in healthcare.