The book discusses the limits of Modern Organizational behavior when it is superimposed on a Pre-Modern bureaucratic structure such as Guatemala's. The results, which are documented in this study, simply point to the need to understand that no major educational reforms are likely to happen as long as the societal expectations of inequality and the Loyalty Principle, which rewards subservience to a Caudillo rather than to a corporate or State entity, co-exist with a thin layer of technocratic rhetoric and modernizing propaganda from the Pre-Modern Ruling Elites.