Against the backdrop of the nuclear proliferation threats currently facing the Middle East, the articles compiled here probe some of the relevant arms control issues and dilemmas. The first part of the volume focuses on the nuclear nonproliferation regime and its cornerstone, the NPT. Issues raised include the ramifications for Israel should nuclear nonproliferation become customary international law; Europe's efforts to confront Iran's nuclear ambitions in the context of European foreign policy aspirations; and China's arms control policy -- specifically as it unfolds vis-à-vis North Korea and Iran. The articles in the second part of the volume deal with nuclear proliferation in the Middle East. Their primary thrust is potential future nuclear options of Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey.