This French-language nonfiction work examines the relationship between modern French society, religious identity, and the resurgence or reinterpretation of pagan traditions. Centered on the question suggested by its title, it considers whether France might be moving toward a renewed form of paganism or toward a broader cultural shift in which inherited religious frameworks are being reconsidered. The book draws on themes of secularization, contemporary spirituality, and religious life and customs to explore how older mythic and ritual traditions may reappear in new social contexts. Rather than treating paganism only as a historical curiosity, it presents the subject as part of ongoing debates about belief, cultural memory, and national identity. The work is relevant for readers interested in modern religious movements, the changing place of religion in public life, and the ways secular societies continue to negotiate spiritual and symbolic traditions.