A French-language study of Christian liberty in light of the Second Vatican Council, this work examines the relationship between conscience, religious freedom, and Catholic teaching after *Dignitatis humanae*. Louis Fèvre considers how the Council’s declaration on religious liberty reshaped discussions of personal conscience and the rights of Christians within modern society. The book situates Vatican II’s teaching within broader theological and ecclesial debates, focusing on the shift from older models of religious authority toward a renewed understanding of human dignity and freedom of belief. It is a work of religious reflection and analysis rather than a narrative account, aimed at readers interested in Catholic theology, church history, and the development of doctrine concerning liberty of conscience.