This series features a selected collection of pamphlets written at the time of the Independence of Brazil (1820-1823) that have survived and are available in major libraries, collections and archives of Portugal, Brazil and Uruguay. What these pamphlets reveal is a little-known side of Independence, which at the time was called the literary war, a war waged from the liberal revolution of Porto in 1820 until complete independence of Brazil, effective in 1823, with the release of Bahia. Though bloodless, this literary war is an indispensable source for understanding the great debates that marked the renewal of a nation and the birth of another.