This French-language volume is a practical study resource for advanced candidates preparing for the agrégation in physical sciences, with a focus on optical experimentation. It connects the principles of optics with laboratory practice, emphasizing apparatus setup, observation, measurement, and interpretation of experimental results. Rather than serving as a general popular science text, it is aimed at readers who need a rigorous bridge between theory and the kinds of demonstrations and analyses expected in a competitive physics examination. The work is also relevant for instructors and students seeking structured material on optics, experimental method, and the physical reasoning behind common optical phenomena.