PhotoSpeak is the first reference to provide satisfying, easily accessible information not only about the diverse techniques that have been explored since photography was invented more than 150 years ago but also about the ideas and the influences that have been central to those making and interpreting photographs. The complexities of photographic techniques from the calotype to the photogram to digital imaging are explained in clear, straightforward language, indicating how the processes work and how they shape the appearance of the resulting image. The international styles and movements within photography, from Pictorialism to postmodernism, are described using the same effective who-when-where-what format that has made the other volumes in this series (AntiqueSpeak, ArtSpeak, and ArtSpoke) so useful. Photography's many distinctive contributions to various subjects such as art, fashion, science, and travel are intelligently explored. And the aesthetic concepts and critical terms that have been used to explain (and occasionally obscure) photography over the last century and a half are demystified.