This paper focuses on market access issues in merchandise trade that developing countries might address in the next negotiations of the World Trade Organization. It covers the following issues: an analysis of the patterns of trade and protection in agriculture and manufacturing, a review of the main results of the Doha WTO Ministerial Conference, and an evaluation of the likely impact of several liberalization scenarios. Based on its analysis, a conclusion is drawn on the size of potential gains that developing countries could derive from improved market access in merchandise trade.--Publisher's description.