The captive management of nonhuman primates requires specialized care and housing that takes into account their physical, physiological, psychological, and social needs. Increased primate utilization and experimentation in both habitat and importing countries has resulted in the need for internationally accepted guidelines for primate acquisition, care and experimentation. In this way we can ensure that primates are utilized and cared for in an appropriate manner and that valid scientific results are obtained from their experimental use. These guidelines have been revised to take into account considerable advances in scientific knowledge in the field of primatology (e.g., physiological, psychological, socio-ecological and behavioral) and major changes in attitudes and practice, especially regarding animal welfare.