This review volume provides an overview of the current status of nuclear astrophysics. Experts in their respective fields provide in ten contributions detailed surveys of our understanding of different astrophysical environments and their connection to nuclear processes. Special emphasis is given to the interdisciplinar nature of the field: astronomy, nuclear physics, astrophysics and elementary particle physics are equally involved. The topics of the book range from the collection of observational facts with astronomical methods to experimental work and theoretical models to describe the nuclear processes involved in different astrophysical scenarios. Astrophysical models and calculations simulate how nuclear processes contribute to driving the evolution of stars, interstellar matter, and the whole universe.