"This volume is a critical edition of the 1587 treatise, New Philosophy of Human Nature, written during the Spanish Inquisition by the overlooked Spanish philosopher Oliva Sabuco. Puzzled by medicine's abject failure to find a cure for the plague, Sabuco developed a new theory of human nature as the foundation for her remarkably modern holistic philosophy of medicine." "This extensively annotated translation features an ample introduction demonstrating the work's importance to the history of science, philosophy of medicine, and women's studies."--Jacket.