In the first part, six chapters based generally, but not solely, on the theoretical model of an internal clock describe the latest research and examine critically the current models concerning the abilities and mechanisms of time estimation and temporal coordination in humans and animals. In the second part, research and models concerning temporal factors and properties within processes of perception and memory are covered, including a model focusing on neural binding by synchrony, as well as results of behavioural, neuroimaging, and electrophysiological studies.