Oedipe et neurones explores the encounter—and possible conflict—between psychoanalytic models of mind and contemporary neuroscience. Centered on the figure of Oedipus, the book asks whether psychoanalytic concepts can be meaningfully compared with, challenged by, or translated into findings from brain science. This French-language study is aimed at readers interested in the history and theory of psychology, clinical thought, and scientific accounts of human behavior. The work frames the debate as a methodological and conceptual confrontation, considering how each tradition defines subjectivity, desire, memory, and the unconscious. Rather than offering a simplified reconciliation, it presents the tension between interpretive psychoanalytic frameworks and empirical neurological research as an ongoing question for modern thought.