Rapidly growing international trade and heightened security requirements are leading to increasingly congested conditions at the border, threatening the economic competitiveness of Upstate New York. In light of these challenges, the Rudin Center for Transportation Policy & Management at New York University's Robert F. Wagner Graduate School of Public Service and the University Transportation Research Center (UTRC) at City College, CUNY, undertook a study, funded by the New York State Department of Transportation and the United States Department of Transportation, to examine New York State's border infrastructure needs.