At the end of October 2014, the Martin Heidegger Institute in Wuppertal organized the first international conference held in Germany on Heidegger's "Black Notebooks." In spring of the same year the publication of the "Reflections," the first series of the "Black Notebooks," showed that between 1938 and 1941, anti-Semitic thoughts appear in his notes. The question was--and still remains--what were the philosopher's motives? How are we to understand these statements? To what extent do they relate to his thought in general? This volume is a collection of articles that originated at this conference.