This volume collects 15 articles from scholars in different fields, all dedicated to the critical reconsideration of the emperor Julian. These studies cover his philosophical thought, the characteristics of his scholarship, his intellectual foundations, and the religious ideas at the base of Julian's attempt to reintroduce paganism to the Roman state. Also discussed are Julian's political strategy, his search for consensus, his iconography, and his reception in Byzantine historiography, in Syriac literature, and in contemporary political thought. Together, these articles present a complex and original picture of Julian and his reign.