Colin Rowe and Robert Slutzky co-founded the architects group "Texas Rangers" at the University of Texas in Austin, together with John Hejduk, Werner Seligmann and Bernhard Hoesli. In conjunction with their teaching activities, the group members sought to develop a new method for architectural design and proceeded to test their models in the teaching environment. Their approach was based on a knowledge of the objective basics of the modern era and modern architecture, culminating in the essay entitled "Transparency: Literal and Phenomenal" as an expression of their theoretic principle.