This collection of essays on the economics of fiscal federalism contains original research on a timely topic by leading experts in North America and Europe. Reform of fiscal relations between central and subnational governments is an urgent priority in many countries, because increased economic integration within and among countries means that goods, services, capital, and human resources can flow across political boundaries more easily than before. Theoretical and applied contributions present new conceptual insights, together with discussions of practical policy questions in countries such as Australia, France, South Africa, the United States, the European Union, and transition economies. The structure of intergovernmental transfers and tax competition, as well as the fiscal implications of labor migration, are analyzed for audiences in economics, political science, and public policy.