This book deals with the latest advances in high-resolution image formation using X-rays. The main topics treated are X-rays sources and optics, X-ray imaging using a variety of contrast mechanisms, theory, and technical aspects of microscopy. Several contributions are devoted to applications, including the imaging of hydrated (live as well as fixed) biological tissue and microanalytical techniques in biology and materials science. Finally, X-ray microscopy is compared with other techniques. As an up-to-date overview of this rapidly developing field the book will be welcomed by established researchers and newcomers alike.