The book is the first full-length study of the seminal exhibition "A New Spirit in Painting," which took place at the Royal Academy of Arts, London in 1981. The exhibition has been overlooked in the literature about contemporary art. The book aims to correct this omission by showing how the exhibition captured issues that brought together several key trajectories in the history of painting, which are still reverberating today. It starts in the context of the contemporary developments in art spanning from the 1950s to the 1970s and reassesses the art historical significance of "A New Spirit in Painting." The essay is accompanied by a series of interviews the author conducted with artists, curators and gallerists who were, more or less directly, linked to the exhibition (Georg Baselitz, Markus Lüpertz, Rainer Fetting, Norman Rosenthal, Jean-Louis Froment, Tim Marlow, Michael Werner, Thaddaeus Ropac).