"First essay critically reviews the position of many influential intellectuals (Vasconcelos, Aguirre Beltrán, Saénz, Caso, Gamio, and others) regarding indigenous assimilation. The second studies acculturation process of indigenous communities from 1900-present and identifies key events such as arrival of a school. Final essay provides general description of cultural components of present-day Zapotec communities in the Isthmus"--Handbook of Latin American Studies, v. 57.