This work examines common beliefs and misconceptions in canine ethology, the scientific study of dog behavior. Drawing from academic research, the book addresses widely held assumptions about dogs and their behavior, offering evidence-based perspectives on how we understand and interact with our canine companions. The author, Olivier Ezvan, adapts his thesis research to challenge popular notions and present a more nuanced view of canine behavior science. Written in French and published by a veterinary press, this book serves as a resource for those interested in the scientific understanding of dogs, bridging academic research with practical knowledge for dog owners, trainers, and animal behavior enthusiasts.