Population ageing, both globally and in New Zealand, is often seen in negative terms, alongside economic and political instability, disease and environmental threats. But it can also be viewed positively as an opportunity, an achievement of human civilisation and thus something to celebrate. Either way, there can be little doubt that population ageing will have important economic and social implications during the coming decades; hence, the subject deserves careful scrutiny. The contributors to the 14 chapters in this volume explore New Zealand's changing demography and examine the many and varied policy implications of population aging, including those impinging on fiscal management, income support, the labour market, health care, housing and social services. The crucial message is that while population ageing undoubtedly poses serious challenges for individuals, families, communities and the state it also generates many opportunities and possibilities. It will be critically important to New Zealand’s long-term economic and social success for policy makers to recognise and grasp these opportunities.