Maputo Bay comprises the most studied piece of marine water in Mozambique. It harbours extensive critical habitats, such as mangove forests, seagrass meadows and some of the southernmost reef building corals. The Bay is also an important fishing ground, second only to Sofala Bank, especially when it comes to shallow-water shrimp in Mozambique. Maputo Bay is home to high marine biodiversity including several species of special concern such as dugongs, dolphins, turtles, sharks, whales, seahorses, endangered bivalves and vulnerable seagrass Zostera. The book is aimed at decision-makers and managers and is a compilation of research undertaken by numerous researchers from institutions in Mozambique, South Africa, Portugal, Norway, Sweden and the USA.