This book focuses on understanding emotion and motivation as two factors that not only influence social and cognitive processes, but also shape the way we navigate our social world. Research on emotion has increased significantly over the past two decades, pulling from scholarship in psychology, neuroscience. medicine, political science, sociology, and even computer science. This volume is formed by the growing momentum in the resulting field of affective science, and examines the role of emotion and motivation in our perceptions, decision-making, and social interactions, and attempts to understand the neurobiological mechanisms that support these processes across the lifespan in both healthy and clinical populations.