The volume consists of a collection of articles on the value distribution theory and its applications, both in one and several variables. The applied parts include problems related to geometric function theory, linear operators of entire functions, differential and functional equations, uniqueness and interpolation. A unique feature of the book is an extensive research program by the first editor on the Gamma-lines approach to analysis. Some aspects in the book consider Diophantine type equations for meromorphic functions, offering new challenges to complex analysis. Audience: Researchers and postgraduate students in complex analysis, differential equations and algebraic geometry would find this book of interest.