This textbook is for engineering and physics students and contains, in a concise form, the foundations of both continuum mechanics and modern continuum thermodynamics. It originates from numerous courses delivered by the author at various universities. In contrast to other books on these subjects, it is self-contained and has examples and remarks scattered throughout the text to illustrate the chosen procedures or definitions. Also exercises help the reader to understand the applicability and the limitations of thermodynamical models. The book is an excellent introduction to rational extended thermodynamics.