This volume of collected essays with contributions on idealism, Kant, spiritualism, theodicy, and the post-human is the first interdisciplinary forum addressed to an individual work of Leo Tolstoy's philosophy: his tract On Life (1886-1887). The editor's introduction sets up the problematic of On Life and comments on its relevance to contemporary intellectual debates on life, death, rationality, suffering, and the meaning of the human. Then leading historians of culture, philosophers, and literary scholars join forces to provide new perspectives on this important text.