This wide-ranging and comprehensive text provides an analysis of the fundamental structures and dynamics of Chinese politics today. It does so by examining the historical and cultural context, political ideas and organization, and socio-economic relations that were crucial in the formation and reform of the People's Republic of China in the wider context of China's international position. The book has a multi-disciplinary approach to Chinese politics. The core chapters of the book address important issues of concern to readers interested in Chinese politics and society: China's economic reforms, the developments of its political system, its demographic and environmental problems, gender relations, and China's growing presence in the international arena. These issues are analysed by critically examining the available Western interpretations of the Chinese political system, as well as providing access to the Chinese constructions of these issues. The organization of the book makes it an extremely accessible text with a strong use of pedagogy throughout. It includes illustrative boxes, tables, figures, glossaries of key terms and annotated further reading. This book is intended for undergraduate students of politics, sociology, history, development and Chinese language.